Essay on Everyday Use by Alice Walker - 1097 Words

Sarah Benesh Dr. Susan Dauer English 1102 2 Febuary 2011 Analyzation of â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker In 1972, Alice Walker published â€Å"Everyday Use† in a collection of short stories In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black women. As better known â€Å"Everyday Use† stood out of the collection, it has become one of few short stories about the conflict black Americans faced after the Civil Rights Movement; The struggle to maintain traditions, whilst embracing new-found freedom, and where the two worlds collided. Discussing the reoccurring themes, symbols and motifs through the narrator’s perception, and actions will reveal if the character, and ultimately the reader himself has grown or remained static in affect of the conflict. As†¦show more content†¦This upsets the Narrator, Mama, she makes reference to Maggie being able to put them to everyday use, and she can always quilt more; while Dee adamantly protests. Mama makes a move to recover the quilts and Dee pulls them away and Ma ma thinks to herself â€Å"They already belonged to her† (Walker 456). In Mama’s perspective, the point of the quilts was the tradition of quilting, not the quilts themselves. She views Dee as someone to wants to act out the movements of appreciation of their culture, instead of passing it on. In the act of retrieving the quilts from Dee’s grip, and returning them to Maggie, Mama reveals herself as an unknowing, round character that can re-act differently than what is expected of her. Mama stands up for the true traditions in the face of her daughter, although her daughter believes herself to be the all knowing one. As well as the theme of old black world verses new, we come across the motif of names and re-naming within the short story. Just as Dee comes home dressed in African styled clothing, she re-names herself â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† to represent her full transformation into a true African woman. Her boyfriend’s name â€Å"Hakim.a. barber† also hints to the fact that he also took up the Muslim faith in an attempt of reform. Mama makes an effort to educate Dee on her name; how it was passed through generations and holds value in itself. Dee dismisses this fact, and it reveals Dees ignorance of the lineage of strong women she was bornShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagescomes or belongs to one by reason of birth. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, by Alice Walker, the theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of education. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by havingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 PagesEverday Use† research paper In â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set insideRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literatureRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as a whole, but more specifically in the African American Community. Alice Walker gives slight insight into   what being forced   to assimilate is like. She says in her short story Everyday Use: She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs eyeing her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Statements such as these are a regular occurrence in her works. Walker often speaks on the ever so disheartening topic of cultural assimilation and theRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker996 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author describes different ideas about one’s heritage. Culture and heritage is at the main point of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker as symbolized by the quilt. The bond that Mother and Maggie share is brought by their common talent to make works of art like quilts. Dee does not have similar capacity because she does not appreciate manual labor nor believes in her heritage. The idea of pride in culture, heritage, and family is the mainRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who was injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two dau ghters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set inside the late ,60s or mid ,70sRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1735 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer are two different short stories with different lessons but both talk about the topic of race. Both stories talks about the time in the 20th century when slavery just ended but racism are still active between African Americans and Caucasians. Walker described a story about a single African American mother who is waiting for her daughter to arrive from college. Packer described a story about these African American fourth graders who are inRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent co nversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1725 Words   |  7 Pages17 April 2017 Everything is Not What it Seems Sometimes people forget that heritage has to do with truly understanding their past. Many often misrepresent it, especially the younger generations who just accept its presence. Alice Walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday Use,† revolves around an African American family that consists of three women, who are very different from each other. The story begins with Maggie and Mama waiting in the yard for Dee, the main character, to visit from Augusta. Dee is

Native North Americans Justification For Indians

Native North Americans: Justification for Indians Throughout the history of America many people, and even countries have helped create the government and all the cities to be what they are today. Without those who traveled here in the 15th, and 16th century many of us wouldn’t be here now; living free, and comfortably with many jobs and opportunities for ourselves. With greatness there is always a downfall, but because we worship and thank early settlers we do not pay much mind to those who were here before us. We are so overwhelmed with the story’s that scholars and the government want us to know and read about in textbooks many lack the truth to how the United States was really made, and how terrible the early settlers treated the†¦show more content†¦This cruelty they were put through went on for a very long time; it drove tribes apart, they lost their land and homes, and many lives were taken. Native North Americans did help shape America’s History, they went through so much for their people while early settlers were taking their land, animals, food, and even women. Many tribes are still around and you can visit many Indian reservations,legal designation for an area of land managed by a Native American tribe, throughout America and even learn the many interesting and good things about the Natives,and learn about their tribe and culture. Native Americans, also known as Indians, have inhabited the United States for a great deal of time even before the Pre-Columbian Era,†spread southward throughout the Americas and possibly going as far south as the Antarctic peninsula. This migration may have begun as early as 30,000 years ago and continued through to about 10,000+ years ago, when the land bridge became submerged by the rising sea level caused by the ending of the last glacial period†(Kennedy, Cohen Bailey 2006, p. 6). Countless numbers of different tribes and cultures roamed the lands of America from coast to coast; they are the true ancestors of the United States. These Natives were known for their respect to the land and the people of the land, they thrived off of what mother nature had to offer, and theyShow MoreRelatedJohn O Sullivan s Manifest Destiny938 Words   |  4 Pagesthey had the right to take land from Native Americans of North America, and make it their own, all under the jurisdiction of God - and O’Sullivan put a name to this belief in 1839: Manifest destiny. Manifest Destiny resulted through misguided beliefs of predestination and white superiority, in which white men, despite opposition, forced their way to the west coast of America. Motives of religion, economic, race, and nationalism contributed to the justification of their ambitious goals and the repercussionsRead MoreHistory Of The American Western Frontier Through Narratives, Testimonies, And Primary Documents1350 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical books, this book offers a different angle on viewing the history of the American western frontier—through narratives, testimonies, and primary documents that capture the true voices of the Native Americans. Spanning across the 1860s to the 1890s, Dee Brown tells the plight of the Native Americans after their contact with the American settlers and the United States government. The repetitive stories of the Native American groups during the second h alf of the nineteenth century— the welcoming ofRead MoreRed, White, and Black Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesand Native Americans. The institution of slavery was a return investment venture for southern planters in their greed for the production of more staple crops. Many white Americans led extravagant lifestyles from the large incomes they received from the labors of their property. Also, the controversy over removing the Native American’s from their lands portrayed the voracity in which the European Americans afflicted upon the native civilizations during the antebellum United States. The Indian RemovalRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Legacy: Positive vs. Negative Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesof hope, glory, and accomplishment, (Morrison 223). By discovering the New World, Columbus set into motion the fervor for European discovery in the Americas and beyond. Defenders of Columbus assert it was him that brought Western Civilization to North AmericaÂâ€"the c atalyst for the flourishing of colonies that would ultimately culminate with the establishment of an important nation, the United States. Aware that Norse voyages beat the voyages of Columbus in transatlantic contact, supporters maintainRead More Oppression of American Indians in Our Hearts Fell to the Ground1318 Words   |  6 Pages From the Sioux in the North, to the Tonkawa in the South, tribes filled North America when the Europeans first set foot on the soil that we now know as the United States. The relationship between the Native American tribes and the Europeans had its fair share of difficulties for the next thirty years. Faced with the threat of the westward movement, as well as the ruthless military treatment that came with it, the North Americans began their unjustified, inhumane battle for survival. The EuropeansRead MoreMass Media, Legislation And Education Play Critical Roles Essay715 Words   |  3 Pages when the English invaded North America, they deculturalized and spread violence against Native Americans through legislation and education. In North America, the clash of languages and cultures brought about cultural bigotry and racism. The English classified all Native Americans as â€Å"domestic foreigners,† â€Å"pagans,† and â€Å"savages.† Due to this, it was easy for the English to turn cultural differences into racial ones and for English settlers to consider Native Americans as inferior. Consequently,Read MoreRemoval Act of 1830 Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesman many thousands of years ago from Eurasia to the American continent. The people from the migration to the Americas had absolutely no contact with the people in Europe and Asia after they migrated. In fact, the two civilizations evolved in totally different manners, and at different s peeds. The people in the Americas, or Native Americans existed mainly as hunter-gatherers using tools of bone, wood, and useful animal parts. Native Americans formed their beliefs into many different religions,Read MoreColonial Survival, Prosperity, and Entitlement in the New World1450 Words   |  6 Pagesand long-term impact on the native cultures and provided the Europeans with justification for the position of power of which they grabbed hold. The Europeans, however, owe the Native Americans a great debt of gratitude: without the Native Americans, Europeans would have either starved or left for lack of purpose and would not have developed any sort of economy – particularly one predicated in the contributions of their inferiors. The attempt to homogenize Native Americans as a single people or cultureRead More Native American and The US government Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesNative American and The US government The Iroquois Nation was a nation of five tribes, which was comprised of Mohawks, Senecas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Onondagas. These tribes were originally separated, but later brought together by two Indians named Hiawatha and Deganawidah. Hiawatha seemed to be the spokesman while Deganawidah took on the role as a philosopher. These two men formed a nation where some of the ideas are still intact today. One aspect that made them so strong was the wayRead MoreComparison Of Treatments Of Native Americans In The East And West1573 Words   |  7 PagesEast of the Mississippi Early European colonists that came to North America found a sparsely inhabited coastline which gave them opportunities to settle and succeed where others had previously failed. Since many of the pilgrims were in search of religious freedom they saw a land their god had prepared for them by wiping out the natives through pestilence and disease. The fact is that the plague of disease that wiped out more than 90% of the original inhabitants of the northern east coast was

Contract Law Commentaries - Cases and Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law for Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives. Answer: Introduction A contract is a legally binding document which comprises of a promise. In a contract, a party offers to do something in exchange for consideration from the other party. This consideration has to have an economic value. Further, the offer has to be accepted, and a counter offer is not considered as an acceptance. The parties to a contract must be free of any duress or undue pressure (Mulcahy, 2008). Broadly, there are two kinds of contract, a verbal and a written. A verbal contract is formed by the exchange of words and has an ease in the formation process. A written contract contains all the terms of such promise in a written manner which is signed by the parties to the contract. A contract has six major elements, and these are an offer, an acceptance, a consideration, intent, consent, and the capacity. For a contract to be formed, an offer has to be made. This offer then has to be accepted by the other party. The contract has to have an economic consideration (Mallor et al, 2010). This consideration can be anything which is decided by the parties as long as it has an economic value. The intent to enter into a contract has to be clear. The consent of the parties has to be clearly established. The parties should want to enter into such contract and must not be under any kind of duress or undue influence. Lastly, the parties should be of sound mental capacity and should have the legal capacity to enter into the contract (Frey Frey, 2005). In the following parts, the various aspects of a contract and how they affect a transaction have been covered. Further, the remedies available to various parties of the contract have also been stated below. In the given question, the point of issue is whether a contract has been formed and if it has been formed who were the parties to the contract. In the case of Alan and Bernard, the offer was made by Alan on November 1, 2005, through his Facebook page. On this offer, a counter offer was made by Bernard in the Facebook wall on November 2, 2005. This counter offer would not be considered as an acceptance as was held in the case of Hyde v. Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 (McKendrick, 2014). On November 3, 2005, Bernard decided to buy Alans material and posted the consideration amount to Alan and informed Alan about the money. Alan received the cash on November 5, 2005, and kept the money. Further, in this case, On November 3, 2005, Alan had rejected Bernards offer stating that he had another offer. Here, the offer would be considered as accepted by Bernard. To establish if a promise is being fulfilled by the other party, the payment of consideration is taken into account. Postage is one of the standard mediums of paying the consideration amount. In the case of Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250, it was established that the contract is considered as enforceable at the moment the acceptance is posted (Gibson Fraser, 2013). So, the method of using the post for paying the consideration is a valid one. Bernard had told Alan to look out for money, which was being paid in exchange for Alans material and hence would be considered as his acceptance of the offer. It has already established that a contract has to be supported by consideration for it to be enforceable and so, the element of consideration was present in this case. As there was a presence of offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, intention between Alan and Bernard, a contract was formed (Andrews, 2015). In the case of Alan and Charleen, the offer was made to the friends of Alan who were students enrolling or enrolled in Kaplan Higher Education. Charleen was Alans sister and not friend plus he was also not a student of Kaplan Higher Education, so the offer was never made for her. When the offer was not made, it cannot be accepted. There is no intent on the part of Alan to sell his sister the book. So here, no contract was formed between Alan and his sister Charleen. In the case of Alan and Damien, the offer would be considered to have been made to Damien. Damien is Bernards friend and not on Alans Facebook. Though, he is a person studying in Kaplan Higher Education. This offer was made for friends who are enrolled in Kaplan Higher Education and is a general reference to the students of Kaplan Higher Education. So, an offer would be considered to have been made in this case. The offer would be considered as accepted in this case. Acceptance can be inferred from the conduct of a person as was seen in the case of Brogden v. Metropolitan Railway Company (1877) 2 App. Cas. 666 (Riordan, 2003). Here, Damien called Alan to convey his acceptance. Further, on November 04, 2015, Damien paid Alan the consideration. So from his conduct, it was clear that Damien had in fact accepted the offer, and it was communicated. There was a presence of other elements of a contract, viz., content and intent. So, a contract was formed in this case. So, the contract was formed between Alan and Bernard, and Alan and Damien. The contract between Alan and Bernard was a valid one as the consideration of Bernard was received before the consideration of Damien. Here, Bernard has two grounds for seeking remedies. The first one is based on the breach of contract. Alan had promised to give the Book along with his handwritten notes. In reality, Alan just provided Bernard the Book and failed to provide the handwritten notes, which he had given to Damien. So, the promise, which was the base of this contract, was not fulfilled and hence, Damien can sue for a breach of contract. The second ground for seeking a remedy is the breach of contract by the reasons of the sale of a product to another person. When the promise was made between Alan and Bernard regarding the sale of Book and handwritten notes, Alan had to sell the said products to Bernard only. But in reality, he sold the same product to Damien. Further, Alan misrepresented the fact that the book contained the notes and hence is liable for negligent misstatement (Singapore Legal Advice, 2014). So, again a breach of contract was established. The Book was issued free of charge by the Kaplan Higher Education. But Alan was selling his textbook along with his notes. He was free to do so as there was no restriction on the sale of such book. Further, there is a principle of caveat emptor which means that the buyer has to be aware regarding the price and quality of what they purchase (Bono, 2006). So, Alan is not liable for such sale and hence, Bernard has no remedy available to him on this ground. Here, Bernard is eligible for breach of contract because of defective performance and contractual damages. In such a case, a court will award monetary damages for the defective performance and contractual damages (Singapore Law, 2016). Further, Bernard could get an order for specific performance whereby Alan would be ordered to give Bernard his notes. Further, an injunction for the sale of Book and notes to Damien could also be attained so as to stop such sale. Here, it can be concluded that Bernard is the aggrieved party, and so, he can sue Alan for monetary damages and equitable damages (Ayres Klass, 2012). There was no contract formed in the case of Charleen and Alan. Without a contract, and breach thereof, no remedy is available to the parties. A contract was formed between Alan and Damien. But the promise, which was the base of this contract, was not fulfilled by Alan. The reason behind this is that the promise of the product and consideration was already accepted by Bernard, and hence, the contract on the same promise could not be made by Damien. The consideration of Damien reached Alan on November 4, 2015, in the evening. The consideration of Bernard had already been posted on the morning of November 4, 2015, and so Bernards consideration would be deemed to be the consideration. This establishes that Alan is in Breach of Contract (Clarke Clarke, 2016). Further, Alan never provided Damien the book he promised. He had purchased the same textbook from a store and gave it to Damien along with his notes. So, he had breached the material promise of this contract and was held in breach of contract. Here, Damien can sue Alan for a breach of contract. He is liable to damages in the form of monetary compensation. Further, Damien has a right to rescind this contract as there was a misrepresentation on the part of Alan that he was selling Damien the Book when in reality he had already sold the Book to Bernard. So, it can be concluded that Damien is the aggrieved party in this case and sue Alan for monetary damages and get the contract rescinded (Elliot, s2011). In the case of a dispute, various dispute redressal options are available to the parties to the contract and these include mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Mediation is one of the methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in Singapore (State Courts Singapore, 2016). It is one of the flexible practices through which an impartial mediator helps the parties in settlement of negotiations so as to reach the solution to the dispute without going to court. In mediation, the solution to a solution is provided rather than deciding the faults of parties involved. The advantages of mediation the control over the outcome as the parties to the dispute mutually decide the settlement. Further, by not going to Court, the matter remains confidential and private. Since the mediator is impartial, the settlement is considered fair. Mediation is also flexible and is more informal. Lastly, the cost of mediation is usually lesser than the trial proceedings. The biggest disadvantage of meditation is that it does not always result in a settlement agreement. Further, the settlement is not binding as mediation does not have the protection of the constitution. Also, the parties cannot be forced to fully disclose any fact, which can be done by law in a trial case. Further, a reliance on previous cases of mediation cannot be made, which is usually done in trial cases. Arbitration is another form of ADR in Singapore. In Arbitration, the disputing parties refer the case to an arbitrator who is mutually elected by such parties. These parties are bound by the award, which is the decision, of arbitration. Usually, the contracts provide a clause of arbitration which contains the details regarding applicable legislature and a number of arbitrators. Usually, one or three arbitrators are chosen for ADR dispute (London, 2013). In case, a contract does not contain an arbitration clause; it can still be referred to by the parties of the contract. A famous case of arbitration was seen in the case of Yahoo Inc. v. Microsoft Corp (Law 360, 2016). The advantages of arbitration include the freedom to choose the arbitrator (or judge) which cannot be done in the case of a trial. Arbitration is faster, confidential and has the freedom to choose any language. The disadvantages of arbitration are similar to mediation. In arbitration also, the full disclosure cannot be forced. Further, arbitration awards are not enforceable unless a court confirms the award. And even though it is considered speedier than court but the absence of parties or judges in hearings can delay such proceedings. The most common form of ADR is litigation. In litigation, the aggrieved party can sue the breaching party and the court solves the dispute in such a case. The aggrieved party can claim for remedies in nature of monetary damages and equitable remedies. The remedies are awarded at the discretion of the court and are binding on the parties. As litigation order is binding on parties, this method is considered as the most favorable. Further, the court can force the disclosure of full facts. Though litigations take time, the final order is binding, lawful and uniform for all the parties. Further, in case a party is not satisfied with the order of the court, they can appeal against such order. To conclude, there are various ways given under ADR to solve a dispute. But the most favored method is litigation due to its enforceability. References Andrews, N. (2015). Contract Law (2nd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press. Ayres, I., Klass, G. (2012).Studies in Contract Law (8th ed.). New York: Foundation Press. Bono, J. (2006). Caveat Emptor, Let the Buyer Beware: A Consumers Guide to Mental Health Services, Volume 1. Bloomington: AuthorHouse Clarke, P., Clarke, J (2016). Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives (3rd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Elliot, C. (2011). Contract Law (8th ed.). London: Pearson. Frey, H P., Frey, M A. (2005). Essentials of Contract Law (3rd ed.). Portland: Delmar Cengage Learning. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2013). Business Law 2014. NSW: Pearson Australia. Law 360. (2016). Microsoft Case Is Great Example of Emergency Arbitration. Retrieved on 14/09/16 from: https://www.law360.com/articles/495144/microsoft-case-is-great-example-of-emergency-arbitration London, A. (2013). Anatomy of an arbitration Part II: Key elements of an arbitration clause. Retrieved on 14/09/16 from: https://www.ashurst.com/doc.aspx?id_Content=9363 Mallor, J., et al. (2010). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment. (14th ed.) Boston: McGraw Hill. McKendrick, E. (2014). Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (6th ed., pp 80-81). UK: Oxford University Press. Mulcahy, L. (2008). Contract Law in Perspective (5th ed.). Cavendish, London: Routledge. Riordan, J.O. (2003). A2 Law for OCR (pp 187-188). Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers. Singapore Law (2016). The Law of Contract. Retrieved on 14/09/16 from: https://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/commercial-law/chapter-8 Singapore Legal Advice. (2014). Breach of Contract in Singapore. Retrieved on 14/09/16 from: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/breach-of-contract-in-singapore/ State Courts Singapore. (2016). An Overview Of Mediation. Retrieved on 14/09/16 from: https://www.statecourts.gov.sg/Mediation_ADR/Pages/An-Overview%20of%20Mediation.aspx.